Recalibrating Relations: African Positions and the Future of Sub- Regional Alliances in the Aftermath of the Gaza War

The recent war in Gaza has triggered a spectrum of reactions across the African continent, reflecting a complex web of diplomatic stances. While some African nations, such as South Africa and several North African countries, have taken a strong, vocal stand in support of the Palestinian people, others have chosen more cautious diplomatic approaches or shifted their positions in response to evolving circumstances. Notably, South Africa, along with Comoros, Djibouti, Bangladesh, and Bolivia, has requested the International Criminal Court to investigate alleged war crimes by Israel, including the killing of South African citizens in airstrikes on Gaza. In contrast, countries like Kenya and Ghana have openly expressed support for Israel, condemning Hamas attacks and affirming Israel's right to self-defense. Meanwhile, many other African states have followed Nigeria’s example, calling for a peaceful resolution through dialogue. These divergent positions are influenced by each country's historical experiences, political and economic ties, and national interests. For instance, South Africa draws parallels between the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and its own history of apartheid, while Kenya's stance reflects its recent experiences with terrorism. As the conflict unfolds, it remains uncertain whether African nations will maintain their distinct positions or move toward a more unified stance. The war has undoubtedly reshaped alliances in the region, affecting both Afro-Arab relations and broader dynamics, such as Iran's relations with Hamas.