From Democracy to Autocracy: A Rising Trend of Autocratization in South Asia

This panel aims to analyze the shift from democracy to autocracy and rising trend of autocratization in South Asia, a region historically characterized by diverse governance structures and democratic aspirations of diverse people in terms of language, religion, caste etc. The shift from democracy to autocracy has been manifested in form of the erosion of democratic norms, the suppression of civil society organization, polarization of society, unfair election and undue control over media.
The polarization of society based on religion has affected South Asian region and varying countries regardless of size, economic conditions and extents of democracy. The divided society has paved the way for political polarization. Such polarization plays great role in the process of autocratization which contribute to victories of populist leaders in national elections in recent decades and 1970s in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
The undue interference of military in elected government of Pakistan, the dominance of one party in parliament with no real opposition in India during 2014-2024, political instability in Sri Lanka and recent coup in Bangladesh have shown declining trend of democracy in South Asia.
Objectives:
(i) Analyze the primary factors driving autocratization in South Asian countries, including political, economic, and social dimensions.
(ii) Illustrate unique trajectories and common patterns in autocratic governance in South Asian countries.
(iii) Impact on Civil Society: Investigate how does autocratization affect civil society organizations, media, freedom, and public dissent in South Asia.
Future Outlook: Explore potential pathways for democratic resilience and renewal in the face of rising autocratic tendencies.
Conclusion:
By bringing together diverse perspectives, this panel seeks to foster a comprehensive understanding of the challenges posed by autocratization in South Asia and to propose actionable strategies for supporting democratic governance in the region.