Constitutional Democracy and its Challenges

The operation of democratic politics encompasses different constitutional types, such as parliamentary systems, presidential systems, and semi-presidential systems. These various constitutional types not only differ from one another but also exhibit internal divergences in institutional arrangements. For example, there are two-party parliamentary systems and multiparty parliamentary systems, as well as two-party presidential systems and multiparty presidential systems, and similarly for semi-presidential systems. This panel discussion focuses on the operational dynamics of different subtypes of semi-presidential systems, party politics within semi-presidential systems, types of government and democratic governance, the study of presidential legislative powers in semi-presidential systems, the impact of constitutional and electoral systems on progressive legislation, and the challenges posed by populism to democratic politics.