South Asia has witnessed profound political transformations, transitioning from various forms of autocratic rule to democratic governance. This region, encompassing diverse cultural, religious, and political landscapes, has experienced military coups, authoritarian regimes, and emergency rule. Yet, amidst these challenges, South Asia has also been a fertile ground for robust democratic movements and resistance against tyrannical practices. From India's struggle against the Emergency in the 1970s to Nepal’s People’s Movement in 2006, and from Pakistan’s Lawyers' Movement in 2007-2009 to the latest student-led protests in Bangladesh, these instances illustrate the resilience of democratic ideals. Civil society, political leaders, grassroots activists, people, and the judiciary have played crucial roles in challenging autocratic governance and advocating for democratic rights. This panel aims to delve into the various resistance strategies employed across South Asia, analyse their effectiveness, implications and unpack lessons they offer for promoting and sustaining democracy. By understanding these dynamics, we can draw valuable insights into the universal quest for freedom and democratic governance.
Keywords: South Asia, democratic movements, authoritarianism, political transformation, civil society.
Sub-Themes:
1. Historical Context of Autocracy in South Asia
2. Role of Civil Society in Democratic Movements
3. Grassroots Activism and People’s Movements
4. Political Leadership and Democratic Change
5. Judicial Independence as a Pillar of Democracy
6. Media Freedom and the Fight Against Censorship
7. International Influence and Democracy Promotion
8. Women’s Role in Democratic Resistance
9. Youth Engagement and Student Movements
10. Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Democratic Movements
11. Economic Inequality and Democratic Resistance
12. Comparative Analysis of Resistance Strategies
13. Digital Activism and Social Media’s Role in Resistance
14. Challenges of Democratic Consolidation
15. Lessons from Failed Democratic Movements
16. Future Prospects for Democracy in South Asia