Intersecting Identities: The Impact of Ethnicity and Religion on Violent Conflict in Africa and the Middle East

This panel explores the intricate relationship between ethnic and religious identities and their roles in fueling violent conflicts in Africa and the Middle East. It delves into how historical, socio-political, and economic factors intertwine with identity politics to exacerbate tensions and drive conflicts. Key concepts include examining how ethnic identities are constructed, maintained, and politicized, including the role of colonial legacies in shaping ethnic boundaries and the subsequent impact on post-independence nation-building efforts. Understanding religion's role in uniting and dividing communities is also crucial; the panel will explore how political actors can manipulate religious identities to serve specific agendas and how religious differences can be both a source of conflict and a foundation for peacebuilding. Investigating the historical roots of conflicts, such as the impact of colonialism, the drawing of arbitrary borders, and the legacy of past grievances, analyzes how historical injustices continue to influence contemporary conflicts.
Additionally, the panel will analyze how governance, resource allocation, and economic disparities contribute to tensions, discussing the role of state actors, non-state actors, and external interventions in mitigating or exacerbating conflicts. Presenting specific examples from Africa and the Middle East will illustrate the interplay of ethnicity and religion in violent conflicts, providing concrete insights into how these dynamics manifest in different contexts and the outcomes of various interventions. Finally, the panel will explore conflict resolution and peacebuilding strategies that address the root causes of violence, including promoting inclusive governance, economic development, interfaith dialogue, and community-based reconciliation efforts.