Democratic citizenship in contemporary societies: Individual norms, policy perspectives, and educational responses

The increase and intensification of multiple crises have put a strain on many societies around the globe. There is also a growing concern that the convergence and reciprocal amplification of multiple crises, or a ‘polycrisis’, may overwhelm established democratic institutions. This concern is often linked to the rise of autocratic political parties and growing illiberal and antidemocratic sentiments in democratic societies. These developments have contributed to increasing attention to educational and policy responses that can foster resilience against autocratic temptations and strengthen democratic commitment. This interest puts into focus questions about citizenship beliefs and norms, perspectives on democratic citizenship and education, and effective practices and policies to foster democratic sentiments. Yet, the beliefs about democratic citizenship and the challenges faced in democratic societies aiming to stem autocratic tendencies may differ fundamentally from those in autocratic societies striving to foster democratic attitudes and practices. Thus, a multitude of programs and projects aim to address democratic citizenship and democratic citizenship education. Against increasing autocratic and illiberal political tendencies, these initiatives often attempt to promote the development and consolidation of democratic competencies, attitudes, and practices among young citizens. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on individuals’ beliefs about democratic citizenship and their correlates, the effects of policy initiatives on political socialization and (anti-)democratic sentiment, and the implementation of different approaches toward democratic citizenship education. Against this backdrop, this panel includes contributions from citizenship studies and democratic citizenship education to provide insights into the various perspectives, approaches, and challenges for democratic citizenship and the effects of political and educational measures in promoting democratic citizenship. This panel aims to present current research findings and discuss the possibilities and limitations of democratic citizenship and resistance to autocratisation.